Chromatin folding - from biology to polymer models and back Tark-Dame,
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Chromatin folding--from biology to polymer models and back.
There is rapidly growing evidence that folding of the chromatin fibre inside the interphase nucleus has an important role in the regulation of gene expression. In particular, the formation of loops mediated by the interaction between specific regulatory elements, for instance enhancers and promoters, is crucial in gene control. Biochemical studies that were based on the chromosome conformation ...
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Bacterial genomes are functionally organized. This organization is dynamic and globally changing throughout the cell cycle. Upon initiation of replication of the chromosome, the two origins segregate and move towards their new location taking along the newly replicated genome. Caulobacter crescentus employs a dedicated active partitioning (Par) system to move one copy of the parS centromere to ...
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Folding of the chromosomal fibre in interphase nuclei is an important element in the regulation of gene expression. For instance, physical contacts between promoters and enhancers are a key element in cell-type-specific transcription. We know remarkably little about the principles that control chromosome folding. Here we explore the view that intrachromosomal interactions, forming a complex pat...
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The epigenome is a heritable layer of information not encoded in the DNA sequence of the genome, but in chemical modifications of DNA or histones. These chemical modifications, together with transcription factors, operate as spatiotemporal regulators of genome activity. Dissecting epigenome function requires controlled site-specific alteration of epigenetic information. Such control can be obta...
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Polymer models are used to describe chromatin, which can be folded at different spatial scales by binding molecules. By folding, chromatin generates loops of various sizes. We present here a statistical analysis of the randomly cross-linked (RCL) polymer model, where monomer pairs are connected randomly, generating a heterogeneous ensemble of chromatin conformations. We obtain asymptotic formul...
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