Causes of Biliary Obstruction
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چکیده
The first endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 1968. It is an endoscopic technique in which a specialised sideviewing upper endoscope (duodenoscope) is guided into the second part of the duodenum. A catheter can be passed through the instrument channel to cannulate the bile and/or pancreatic ducts with the help of a bridge at the tip of the duodenoscope. The bile and/or pancreatic ducts are then opacified by injection of a contrast medium, thereby permitting their visualisation under fluoroscopy and allowing for a variety of therapeutic interventions. Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) was subsequently introduced in 1974 as an endoscopic surgical technique facilitating therapeutic intervention for common bile duct stones and pathology during ERCP.
منابع مشابه
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