How to Make a Token Economy Work: Goals and Variables of Token Economies with the Institutionalized Mentally Retarded

An Improved Token-Based and Starvation Free Distributed Mutual Exclusion Algorithm

Distributed mutual exclusion is a fundamental problem of distributed systems that coordinates the access to critical shared resources. It concerns with how the various distributed processes access to the shared resources in a mutually exclusive manner. This paper presents fully distributed improved token based mutual exclusion algorithm for distributed system. In this algorithm, a process which...

Token and taboo: behavior modification, token economies, and the law.

Enhancing Intrinsic Motivation Through The Use of a Token Economy

This work will examine the link between intrinsic motivation and external rewards by describing the experiences of twenty-seven academically under-performing adolescents who were enrolled in an after school program in a New York City public junior high school that implemented a token economy. The goals of the implemented token economy were to establish an objective measure of student competence...

Estimating the Parameters for Linking Unstandardized References with the Matrix Comparator

This paper discusses recent research on methods for estimating configuration parameters for the Matrix Comparator used for linking unstandardized or heterogeneously standardized references. The matrix comparator computes the aggregate similarity between the tokens (words) in a pair of references. The two most critical parameters for the matrix comparator for obtaining the best linking results a...

A theory of equilibrium in token economies.

A theory is presented which predicts that performance will stabilize at an equilibrium level in a long-term token economy. This prediction is based on the joint consideration of consumption schedules (relationships between income and expenditure) and a hypothesized critical range of savings (a range of savings above which performance deteriorates and below which performance improves). Procedure...