Cystatin C as a Predictor for Diabetes according to Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels in Korean Patients.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Corresponding author: Ji Hyun Lee http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-0875 Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea E-mail: [email protected] Cystatin C is entirely filtered by the kidney glomerulus and metabolized by the proximal tubule, and it is mainly used as a biomarker of renal function. It was first proposed by Anders Grubb as a potential alternative to be used as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that could overcome the known limitations of serum creatinine [1], and has been investigated for about 30 years. Cystatin C is less influenced by demographic characteristics such age, gender, race, muscle mass, heath status, and drugs than creatinine [2]. Most studies have shown the associations of cystatin C and creatinine with longitudinally adverse outcomes of renal disease such as end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, and death [3]. In addition, three recent researches have reported interesting results regarding cystatin C in kidney function [4-6]. These had an impact on the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline and led to its widespread clinical use. Cystatin C is considered an important endogenous inhibitor of cysteine protease activity because of its potent in vitro inhibition of cathepsins K, B, H, and S [7]. In human, all cells with a nucleus produce cystatin C. It is found in virtually all tissues and body fluids. The biological roles of cystatin C are known to be varied such as growth-promoting activity, inflammation down-regulating function, and anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties [8]. It is also involved in numerous processes such as renal disease, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease [9]. Cystatin C has also been used to detect CVD in patients with diabetes. In Korea, Lee et al. [10] investigated whether insulin resistance has a role in the link between cystatin C and CVD in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that cystatin C was associated with insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation independently of renal function. At present, there is growing interest in the association of cystatin C and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and several studies have attempted to investigate the link between cystatin C and type 2 diabetes. In a case-control study, Donahue et al. [11] explored whether elevated baseline concentrations of cystatin C predicted progression from normoglycemia by fasting plasma glucose to pre-diabetes over 6 years of followup of 1,455 participants from the Western New York Health Study. This study showed an approximately threefold increased risk of progression to pre-diabetes among those in the highest quintile of cystatin C in a population free of diabetes and known CVD. In a population based study, Sahakyan et al. [12] reported the association of serum cystatin C with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus over a 15-year follow-up period. The incidence of diabetes was estimated to be 9.6%. However, the association did not remain significant after adjustment for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). In the cohort of Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance syndrome (D.E.S.I.R) study participants, cystatin C was associated with an increased incidence of diabetes when adjusted for sex and age (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 2.10; P=0.0039) [13]. Cystatin C was an independent predictor of diabetes in people with high waist circumference, fat mass, or insulin resistance, and there was a trend that was significant for body mass index. In a cross-sectional data for 5,083 Editorial Others
منابع مشابه
The Association of Serum Cystatin C with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Korean Adults
BACKGROUND Cystatin C has been known to be associated not only with early renal impairment but also with the incidence of diabetic conditions (prediabetes plus diabetes). However, it is not clear whether cystatin C levels are associated with the prevalence of diabetic conditions in Asian populations. We evaluated this association using glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as the definition of...
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by defect in insulin secretion and action resulting in hyperglycemia. Diabetic patients have deranged body metabolisms particularly for lipids which may result in abnormal levels of serum levels of lipids. Methods: The aim of this study is to find any possible correlation between the the glycosylated hemoglobin and the...
متن کاملResponse: The Association of Serum Cystatin C with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Korean Adults (Diabetes Metab J 2016;40:62-9)
Corresponding author: Yang Ho Kang http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-7975 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea E-mail: [email protected] We sincerely appreciate the interests and comments on our study, “The association of s...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Diabetes & metabolism journal
دوره 40 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016