The Mass Budget of Merging Quasars

Two spectacular results emerging from recent studies of nearby dead quasars and distant active quasars are (i) the existence of tight relations between the masses of black holes (BHs) and the properties of their host galaxies (spheroid luminosity or velocity dispersion, galaxy mass), and (ii) a consistency between the local mass density in BHs and that expected by summing up the light received from distant active quasars. These results are partly shaped by successive galactic mergers and BH coalescences, since mergers redistribute the population of BHs in galaxies and BH binary coalescences reduce the mass density in BHs through losses to gravitational waves. Here, we isolate and quantify these effects by following the cosmological merger history of a population of massive BHs representing the quasar population between z = 3 and z = 0. Our results suggest that the relation between BH mass and host galaxy properties, and inferences on the global efficiency of BH accretion during active quasar phases, could be influenced by the cumulative effect of repeated mergers.