Kinderärzte 1933–1945: entrechtet—geflohen—ermordet. Pediatricians: victims of persecution 1933–1945

altered plans to provide a railway to Nova Scotia. A brush with ill health, and a consultation with William Osler, led Tupper to moderate his lifestyle. Having held several portfolios in the Cabinet, he "retired" to England as High Commissioner in 1884. But after Macdonald's death, Tupper was recalled to politics by his party and was appointed prime minister for a two-month period until his Government resigned in mid-1896. He continued as leader of the Opposition until his defeat at the polls in 1899 at the age of 78. Back in Britain for a second retirement, he lived sixteen years more, making occasional visits to Canada and receiving the attentions of Osler and other aristocrats. During most of his life, Tupper kept up his practice of medicine, and he never relinquished his identity as a doctor. The reader sometimes craves Tupper's personal view of situations, but it seems the sources do not provide. Perhaps the most interesting chapter is the Epilogue, in which Tupper's apparently legendary "womanizing" comes as a bit of a surprise. Here also the Murrays speculate on the lesser renown of this highly accomplished man as compared to others, including Howe. They admit that the success of so many of Tupper's favourite projectsConfederation, the railway, the CMAdoes not imply that "Tupper had the clearer vision, and took the correct stand". But they allude honestly to the problems inherent in writing biography, confessing that they "are among those who still think that Canada was a good idea". In looking over the attractive photographs, with a large number of fierce portraits, I cannot help but wonder if Tupper is remembered less fondly because he did not smile. But we know pictures can lie as readily as words. The Murrays' book is a welcome addition to the Canadian Medical Lives Series: clear, concise, written with humour and admiration. It brings to light the life of a neglected political doctor whose impressive double career is worthy of consideration by Canadians and by historians and physicians everywhere, especially if they think that medicine and politics together can contribute to a healthy world.