Lanchester's equations in three dimensions

This paper generalizes Lanchester’s equations of warfare to partial differential equations involving time and two spatial variables. Unlike in Lanchester’s original ordinary differential equations, the distribution of armies over the battlefield must be considered. Four different modes of attack are introduced, generalizing Lanchester’s equations for area fire and for direct fire. The effect of the distribution of forces and their movement on the outcome is considered, and numerical simulations given. c © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.