Pii: S0360-1285(00)00009-5
نویسندگان
چکیده
The generation by combustion processes of airborne species of current health concern such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and soot particles necessitates a detailed understanding of chemical reaction pathways responsible for their formation. The present review discusses a general scheme of PAH formation and sequential growth of PAH by reactions with stable and radical species, including single-ring aromatics, other PAH and acetylene, followed by the nucleation or inception of small soot particles, soot growth by coagulation and mass addition from gas phase species, and carbonization of the particulate material. Experimental and theoretical tools which have allowed the achievement of deeper insight into the corresponding chemical processes are presented. The significant roles of propargyl (C3H3) and cyclopentadienyl (C5H5) radicals in the formation of first aromatic rings in combustion of aliphatic fuels are discussed. Detailed kinetic modeling of well-defined combustion systems, such as premixed flames, for which sufficient experimental data for a quantitative understanding are available, is of increasing importance. Reliable thermodynamic and kinetic property data are also required for meaningful conclusions, and computational techniques for their determination are presented. Routes of ongoing and future research leading to more detailed experimental data as well as computational approaches for the exploration of elementary reaction steps and the description of systems of increasing complexity are discussed. q 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
منابع مشابه
Pii: S0360-1285(00)00020-4
This paper reviews literature on co-firing of coal with biomass fuels. Here, the term biomass includes organic matter produced as a result of photosynthesis as well as municipal, industrial and animal waste material. Brief summaries of the basic concepts involved in the combustion of coal and biomass fuels are presented. Different classes of co-firing methods are identified. Experimental result...
متن کاملPii: S0360-1285(99)00010-6
This paper describes an expanded mechanism of metal combustion that emphasizes reactions and phase changes occurring within the burning metal in addition to those occurring on and above the metal surface. Selected recent experimental work showing the importance of these internal processes in metal combustion is surveyed. Gas dissolution within the burning metal, ensuing phase changes, and their...
متن کامل"Graphical" Jogthrough: expert based methodology for user interface evaluation, applied in the case of an educational simulation interface
“Walkthrough” and “Jogthrough” techniques are well known expert based methodologies for the evaluation of user interface design. In this paper we describe the use of “Graphical” Jogthrough method for evaluating the interface design of the Network Simulator, an educational simulation program that enables users to virtually build a computer network, install hardware and software components, make ...
متن کاملEfficient module selections for finding highly acceptable designs based on inclusion scheduling
متن کامل
Qualitative Rigid Body Mechanics
We present a theory of qualitative rigid body mechanics and describe a program that uses this theory to compute qualitative dynamic simulations. The program works directly from a qualitative representation of geometry (qc-space). It employs a new qualitative representation for forces that reduces ambiguity in force sums and hence reduces branching.
متن کامل