Analysis of Differential Gene Expression under Salinity through Differential Display Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (DDRTPCR) Technique: A Review

The current ongoing studies and elucidations of control mechanisms of stress tolerance at molecular level that might facilitate the usage of molecular tools for developing further tolerant floras, is mainly centered on the expression of specific genes related to stress. Differential Display Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR), a competent, profound and reproducible technology, is more advantageous in numerous ways than other approaches of gene expression analysis. Until 1992, the only and single technique applied for isolation of differentially expressed genes was subtractive hybridization or differential hybridization. In 1992, a different and innovative PCR-based method called Differential Display (DDRT-PCR) was developed by Liang and Pardee. The technological simplicity and wider applicability made this technique very novel. It has successfully utilized in a number of organisms starting from yeast to mammals. This technique was introduced and developed to accelerate the identification of differentially expressed genes to overcome the shortcomings of earlier known methods which were sensitive to error, unresponsive and strenuous. The present review emphasized the multidimensional applications of DDRTPCR in studying the differentially expressed gene under biotic and abiotic stress especially the salinity stress.