Environments for Active Lifestyles: Sustainable Environments May Enhance Human Health

Introduction A growing number of studies focus on the role of environments in promoting active lifestyles.1 Being physically active in daily life, which is known to have signifi cant health benefi ts,2 is easier to do in some environments than it is in others. Despite mounting evidence on the relationships between environmental characteristics, activity patterns, and health,3 most decisions on environmental planning and design appear to be made without considering their implications for residents’ activity and their health. In order to promote physically-active lifestyles through environmental design, it is desirable that environmental decision-making processes explicitly incorporate people’s activity patterns as a key criterion. However, those who are involved in environmental planning and design are not necessarily aware that their decisions could ultimately affect people’s health by infl uencing their behaviors. Although the importance of collaboration between planning, transportation and public health has been advocated for many years,1 there remains signifi cant work to be done to realize such cooperation. This commentary discusses the possibility of making use of existing planning and design initiatives to promote active lifestyles. More specifi cally, I argue that environmental planning principles aiming for sustainability in urban or suburban areas, such as compact city and smart growth, could not only make environments conducive to physical activity, but also help reduce time in sedentary behavior— newly identifi ed and signifi cant health risk. Human health and environmental sustainability are both top-priority issues in today’s society. The planning and design of environments that can improve human and environmental health simultaneously are more likely to receive strong support from a wide range of stakeholders, thus have a better chance of being implemented.