2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria contain mosaics of catabolic genes.

The completely sequenced plasmid pEST4011 contains a novel IncP1 backbone and a catabolic transposon harboring tfd genes for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation.

The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans strain EST4002 contains plasmid pEST4011. This plasmid ensures its host a stable 2,4-D(+) phenotype. We determined the complete 76,958-bp nucleotide sequence of pEST4011. This plasmid is a deletion and duplication derivative of pD2M4, the 95-kb highly unstable laboratory ance...

tfdA-Like Genes in 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid-Degrading Bacteria Belonging to the Bradyrhizobium-Agromonas-Nitrobacter-Afipia Cluster in -Proteobacteria

Catabolic Plasmids

Formost of this century agriculture and industry haveused a wide range of synthetic chemicals which appear to have no counterparts in nature. Many of these compounds, by their very nature and complexity, are resistant to degradation when released into soil, water and air. Unfortunately, the repeated use and release of such synthetics has become an everyday occurrence, resulting in widespread en...

Partial Purification and Characterization of 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Degrading Bacteria Harboring Alpha Ketoglutarate Dioxgenase Enzyme

The catabolic adaptability demonstrated by microorganisms is important in the bioremediation of polluted environments. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid/α-ketoglutarate dioxygenase is the first enzyme in the catabolic pathway for the 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). In the present study, dioxygenase enzymes were inducible and the serial adaptation of four studied bacterial isolates steadily ...

Monitoring gene expression in mixed microbial communities by using DNA microarrays.

A DNA microarray to monitor the expression of bacterial metabolic genes within mixed microbial communities was designed and tested. Total RNA was extracted from pure and mixed cultures containing the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacterium Ralstonia eutropha JMP134, and the inducing agent 2,4-D. Induction of the 2,4-D catabolic genes present in this organism was readily detec...