Estimating the Counterfactual

Causal inference for long-term survival in randomised trials with treatment switching: Should re-censoring be applied when estimating counterfactual survival times?

Causal inference based on counterfactuals

BACKGROUND The counterfactual or potential outcome model has become increasingly standard for causal inference in epidemiological and medical studies. DISCUSSION This paper provides an overview on the counterfactual and related approaches. A variety of conceptual as well as practical issues when estimating causal effects are reviewed. These include causal interactions, imperfect experiments, ...

Graphical Tools for Linear Structural Equation Modeling

This paper surveys graphical tools developed in the past three decades that are applicable to linear structural equation models (SEMs). These tools permit researchers to answer key research questions by simple path-tracing rules, even for highly complex models. They include parameter identification, causal effect identification, regressor selection, selecting instrumental variables, finding tes...

Article Title: Measuring leadership styles in the organization with a approach of counterfactual thinking (Case study of Iranian Offshore Oil Company)

This research aims to determine leadership styles based on counterfactual thinking in relation to oneself and others. The research method was semi structure and the statistical population of the research were formed by the leaders of the Offshore Oil Company, among whom thirty-two people based on characteristics, managers The CEO was immediately elected. The research tools included eight leader...

An Exact and Robust Conformal Inference Method for Counterfactual and Synthetic Controls∗

This paper introduces new inferencemethods for counterfactual and synthetic control methods for evaluating policy effects. Our inference methods work in conjunction with many modern and classical methods for estimating the counterfactual mean outcome in the absence of a policy intervention. Specifically, our methods work together with the difference-in-difference, canonical synthetic control, c...

Comprehension of factual, nonfactual, and counterfactual conditionals by Iranian EFL learners

A considerable amount of studies have been established on conditional reasoning supporting mental model theory of propositional reasoning. Mental model theory proposed by Johnson- larid and Byrne is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something occurs in the real world. Conditional reasoning as a kind of reasoning is the way to speak about possibilities or probabilities. The a...