Serum CA19-9 is significantly up-regulated up to 2 years prior to diagnosis with pancreatic cancer: implications for early disease detection

Darragh P. O’Brien, Neomal S. Sandanayake, Claire Jenkinson, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Sophia Apostolidou, Evangelia-Ourania Fourkala, Stephane Camuzeaux, Oleg Blyuss, Richard Gunu, Anne Dawnay, Alexey Zaikin, Ross C. Smith, Ian J. Jacobs, Usha Menon, Eithne Costello, Stephen P. Pereira, John F. Timms Women’s Cancer, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Upper 3rd Floor, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK; Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia; The NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London W1T 4EU, UK; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, 1.018 Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, Grafton Street, M13 9NT, UK; Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK.