Absolutely calibrated radio polarimetry of the inner Galaxy at 2.3 GHz and 4.8 GHz

We present high sensitivity and absolutely calibrated images of diffuse radio polarisation at a resolution of about 10 covering the range 10 < l < 34 and |b| < 5 at 2.3 GHz from the S-band Parkes All Sky Survey and at 4.8 GHz from the SinoGerman λ6 cm polarisation survey of the Galactic plane. Strong depolarisation near the Galactic plane is seen at 2.3 GHz, which correlates with strong Hα emission. We ascribe the depolarisation to spatial Faraday rotation measure fluctuations of about 65 rad m on scales smaller than 6–9 pc. We argue that most (about 90%) of the polarised emission seen at 4.8 GHz originates from a distance of 3–4 kpc in the Scutum arm and that the random magnetic field dominates the regular field there. A branch extending from the North Polar Spur towards lower latitudes can be identified from the polarisation image at 4.8 GHz but only partly from the polarised image at 2.3 GHz, implying the branch is at a distance larger than 2–3 kpc. We show that comparison of structure functions of complex polarised intensity with those of polarised intensity can indicate whether the observed polarised structures are intrinsic or caused by Faraday screens. The probability distribution function of gradients from the polarisation images at 2.3 GHz indicates the turbulence in the warm ionised medium is transonic.