MicroRNA-101 targets MAPK phosphatase-1 to regulate the activation of MAPKs in macrophages.

MAPKs in Macrophages Phosphatase-1 To Regulate the Activation of MicroRNA-101 Targets MAPK

Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 12 Targets p38 MAP Kinase to Regulate Macrophage Response to Intracellular Bacterial Infection

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are activated in innate immune cells such as macrophages upon the detection of microbial infection, critically regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. As a result, activation of MAPKs is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate and adequate immune responses. Dual-specificity phospha...

Map kinase phosphatase 5 protects against sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a critical role in inflammation. Although activation of MAPK in inflammatory cells has been studied extensively, much less is known about the inactivation of these kinases. MAPK phosphatase 5 (MKP5) is a member of the dual-specificity phosphatase family that dephosphorylates activated MAPKs. Here we report that MKP5 protects sepsis-induced acute lu...

Dynamic regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) in innate immune responses.

Engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages leads to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which contribute to innate immune responses. MAPK activity is regulated negatively by MAPK phosphatases (MKPs). MKP-1, the founding member of this family of dual-specificity phosphatases, has been implicated in regulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responses, but its role ...

Ferulic acid protects PC12 neurons against hypoxia by inhibiting the p-MAPKs and COX-2 pathways

Objective(s):Hypoxia induces cellular oxidative stress that is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the protective effects of ferulic acid (FA) on hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells were evaluated. Materials and Methods:We investigated the effect of FA on PC12 cells subjected to hypoxia stress, in vitro. Results:FA increased cell viability, prevented membrane damage (LDH r...