Title Page the Modulation of Locomotor Central Pattern Generators by Octopamine and Tyramine in Drosophila Larvae
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Postembryonic maturation and putative modulation of the central pattern generator for flight in Manduca sexta
The biogenic amine octopamine modulates a variety of aspects of insect motor behavior, including direct action on the flight central pattern generator. A number of recent studies demonstrate that tyramine, the biological precursor of octopamine, also affects invertebrate locomotor behaviors, including insect flight. However, it is not clear whether the central pattern generating networks are di...
متن کاملFlight initiation and maintenance deficits in flies with genetically altered biogenic amine levels.
Insect flight is one of the fastest, most intense and most energy-demanding motor behaviors. It is modulated on multiple levels by the biogenic amine octopamine. Within the CNS, octopamine acts directly on the flight central pattern generator, and it affects motivational states. In the periphery, octopamine sensitizes sensory receptors, alters muscle contraction kinetics, and enhances flight mu...
متن کاملFlight and Walking in Locusts–Cholinergic Co-Activation, Temporal Coupling and Its Modulation by Biogenic Amines
Walking and flying in locusts are exemplary rhythmical behaviors generated by central pattern generators (CPG) that are tuned in intact animals by phasic sensory inputs. Although these two behaviors are mutually exclusive and controlled by independent CPGs, leg movements during flight can be coupled to the flight rhythm. To investigate potential central coupling between the underlying CPGs, we ...
متن کاملTyramine Actions on Drosophila Flight Behavior Are Affected by a Glial Dehydrogenase/Reductase
The biogenic amines octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) modulate insect motor behavior in an antagonistic manner. OA generally enhances locomotor behaviors such as Drosophila larval crawling and flight, whereas TA decreases locomotor activity. However, the mechanisms and cellular targets of TA modulation of locomotor activity are incompletely understood. This study combines immunocytochemistry, g...
متن کاملA muscarinic cholinergic mechanism underlies activation of the central pattern generator for locust flight.
A central question in behavioural control is how central pattern generators (CPGs) for locomotion are activated. This paper disputes the key role generally accredited to octopamine in activating the CPG for insect flight. In deafferented locusts, fictive flight was initiated by bath application of the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine, the acetylcholine analogue carbachol, and the acetylcholineste...
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