Structure free highway toll collection using non-repudiated tickets

This paper proposes a concept of how to collect toll on highways. Unlike any existing method, the proposed approach requires no structure to be built on highways for the toll collection purpose and drivers are not required to stop or even slow down to pay toll. Toll must be prepaid in advance and a driver must keep a toll ticket as proof of payment. We apply public key cryptographic operations to the ticket issuing system to prevent forgery as well as repudiation from the seller. This paper explains the mechanism of the system: the details of toll tickets issuance, the detection and penalization of drivers without a toll ticket, the prevention of toll ticket reproduction by involved parties, and the detection of an agent selling toll ticket for his own benefit.