Quality of Care during Neonatal Resuscitation in Kakamega County General Hospital, Kenya: A Direct Observation Study

Background Birth asphyxia is the leading cause of neonatal mortality in Kenya. Quality care during neonatal resuscitation (NR) can contribute to a reduction in neonatal mortality related to birth asphyxia by 30 percent. This study assessed the quality of care (QoC) during NR for newborns with birth asphyxia. Methods Direct observations of 138 newborn resuscitations were done in labor ward and maternity theatre. Twenty-eight healthcare providers were observed 3-5 times using a structured checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated and quality of care scores computed. Ordered logistic regression model identified HCPs characteristics associated with the QoC scores during NR. Results Overall QoC scores were good for airway clearance (83%). Suctioning in meconium presence (40%) was poorly performed. Years of experience working in maternity were associated with good drying/stimulation (β = 1.86, P = 0.003, CI = 0.626-3.093) and airway maintenance (β = 1.887, P = 0.009, CI = 0.469-3.305); nurses were poor compared to doctors during initial bag and mask ventilation (β = -2.338, P = 0.05, CI = -4.732-0.056). Conclusion Key steps in NR are poorly performed during drying and warmth, airway maintenance in meconium presence, and ventilation. Mentorship with periodic refresher training can improve the care provided during NR.