Recruitment sex ratios in gray-tailed voles (Microtus canicaudus) in response to density, sex ratio, and season

نویسندگان

  • Monica L. Bond
  • Jerry O. Wolff
  • Sven Krackow
چکیده

We tested predictions associated with three widely used hypotheses for facultative sex-ratio adjustment of vertebrates using eight enclosed populations of gray-tailed voles, Microtus canicaudus. These were (i) the population sex ratio hypothesis, which predicts that recruitment sex ratios should oppose adult sex-ratio skews, (ii) the local resource competition hypothesis, which predicts female-biased recruitment at low adult population density and malebiased recruitment at high population density, and (iii) the first cohort advantage hypothesis, which predicts that recruitment sex ratios should be female biased in the spring and male biased in the autumn. We monitored naturally increasing population densities with approximately equal adult sex ratios through the spring and summer and manipulated adult sex ratios in the autumn and measured subsequent sex ratios of recruits. We did not observe any significant sexratio adjustment in response to adult sex ratio or high population density; we did detect an influence of time within the breeding season, with more female offspring observed in the spring and more male offspring observed in the autumn. Significant seasonal increases in recruitment sex ratios indicate the capacity of female gray-tailed voles to manipulate their offspring sex ratios and suggest seasonal variation in the relative reproductive value of male and female offspring to be a regular phenomenon. Résumé : Nous avons vérifié les prédictions associées à trois hypothèses couramment utilisées pour expliquer l’ajustement facultatif des rapports mâles:femelles des mammifères chez huit populations en enclos du campagnol à queue grise, Microtus canicaudus. Les trois hypothèses sont (i) l’hypothèse du rapport mâles:femelles de la population qui prédit que les rapports mâles:femelles dans la progéniture devraient rectifier les anomalies dans le rapport mâles: femelles des adultes, (ii) l’hypothèse de la compétition pour les ressources locales qui prédit un recrutement surtout de femelles lorsque les densités de populations d’adultes sont faibles et un recrutement surtout de mâles aux fortes densités et (iii) l’hypothèse de l’avantage de la première cohorte qui prédit que le rapport mâles:femelles dans le recrutement devrait favoriser les femelles au printemps et les mâles à l’automne. Nous avons suivi la croissance naturelle des densités de populations avec des rapports mâles:femelles à peu près égaux à 1 chez les adultes durant le printemps et l’été; à l’automne, nous avons manipulé les rapports mâles:femelles des adultes et mesuré les rapports mâles:femelles qui ont prévalu dans le recrutement. Nous n’avons pas observé d’ajustement significatif du rapport mâles:femelles en réaction au rapport mâles:femelles des adultes, ni à la forte densité de la population. Nous avons cependant détecté un effet du moment de la saison de la reproduction, avec plus de femelles parmi les petits au printemps et plus de mâles à l’automne. Des accroissements saisonniers significatifs du rapport mâles:femelles dans le recrutement indiquent que les campagnols à queue grise sont capables de manipuler le rapport mâles:femelles de leur descendance. Cela laisse croire que la variation saisonnière de la valeur reproductive relative des descendants mâles et femelles est un phéno-

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تاریخ انتشار 2003