Pitch characteristics of filled pauses
نویسندگان
چکیده
R es u lt s Floor-holding account and clitization – FP are used to hold the turn during speaking (Maclay and Osgood 1959; Malandro et al. 1989). – Turn-holding needs to prevent silences. ⇒Hyp. 1: Isolated FP might be more prominent than cliticized FP. Visual account – FP occur more frequently in audio-only situations (Kasl and Mahl 1965). – Speakers in audio-visual dialogues mark turn-holding by non-verbal cues as well (Goodwin 1981). ⇒Hyp. 2: FP are more frequent in audio-only communication due to compensation processes. Intonation patterns – Gradual downsteps of f0 (O’Shaughnessy 1992), also within clauses (Shriberg and Lickley 1993).
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