School success of Moroccan youth in Barcelona . Theoretical insights for practical questions
نویسنده
چکیده
El artículo analiza la relación que se establece entre la identidad étnica y las actuaciones escolares de los jóvenes de origen marroquí de Barcelona, particularmente en los casos de éxito académico. Para ello se comentan ejemplos etnográficos que describen las estrategias utilizadas por algunos de estos jóvenes y familias para superar las barreras lingüísticas, sociales y culturales que encuentran a su paso por la institución escolar y en la sociedad de acogida. Estos mismos ejemplos sirven para relativizar la calidad heurística de la topología “minoría inmigrada/minoría involuntaria” de John Ogbu en el contexto de la variabilidad académica que se da entre los jóvenes de origen marroquí según su pertenencia étnica, clase social y genero. Los resultados de la investigación etnográfica reciente ponen de manifiesto que el éxito escolar de las minorías inmigradas no está necesariamente asociado al rechazo de la cultura de origen ni al desarrollo de actitudes conformistas hacia la cultura dominante. Muchos jóvenes de origen marroquí, por ejemplo, adoptan una visión instrumental de la educación formal que promueve el desarrollo de identidades culturales nuevas y proactivas tanto fuera como dentro de la arena escolar. This article addresses the relationship between ethnic identity and school performance of Moroccan youth living in Barcelona (Spain), particularly in cases of academic success. The bulk of the article makes reference to examples from ethnographical research to pinpoint the strategies used by some of these youths and their families to transcend the cultural, linguistic, and social barriers they face both in school and in their wider community. In so doing, we shift our gaze from John Ogbu’s immigrant/involuntary typology to the patterns of variability along ethnic, class and gender lines that exist within this minority group. Results from recent ethnographic research points out that high academic performance does not necessarily entails neither rejection of ethnicity nor simple conformity. Rather, some of these Moroccan youth adopt an instrumental view of education that promotes the development of new and proactive cultural identities inside and outside the school arena.
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