Effect of defoliation strategies on the productivity, population and morphology of plantain (Plantago lanceolata)

This trial provided information about effects of defoliation frequency, defoliation intensity and winter management (grazing or rest) on the productivity, morphology and plant population of a 3-year-old plantain (Plantago lanceolata) stand. Plant population density declined drastically over time independently of grazing management, with the greatest decrease in summer. Winter grazing had a critical effect on the productivity and population remaining 6 months later. Frequent grazing during summer increased plantain contribution. Grazing intensity reduced crown weight and diameter of individual plants. Further studies are required to determine the interactions of defoliation management with pastures of different age including the natural reseeding as a mechanism to maintain plant recruitment.