RPC understanding and future perspectives
نویسنده
چکیده
The understanding of the long-term behavior of the RPCs developed as dedicated muon trigger detectors at LHC and presently in construction, is analyzed. The main aging mechanisms are reviewed. The gas contamination by the hydrofluoric acid is analyzed as a possible aging cause and a method for measuring the fluorine concentration in the exhaust gas is described. Finally, the use of RPCs for the detection of Cosmic Ray Extensive Air Showers and their imaging capabilities are briefly discussed. r 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 29.40.Cs; 29.40.Gx; 51.50.+v; 82.35.Cd 1. Long-term behavior RPCs with 2mm gas gap and electrode plates made of phenolic–melaminic plastic laminates are widely used for very large area applications, typically 10m, such as the muon triggering at LHC and the detection of cosmic ray showers. These RPCs, which are presently in production over large scale, have required an investment of R&D that was largely dedicated to study the aging effects in order to guarantee their capability of surviving 10 years working at LHC. This section is dedicated to describe our present understanding of their long-term behavior. e front matter r 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserve ma.2004.06.160 ng author. Tel.: +39-06-725-94590; fax: +39ss: [email protected] (R. Santonico). The detector aging is studied mainly on standard production chambers that are kept working under intense irradiation. Two main aging effects are under study: the increase of the electrode plate resistivity which reduces the rate capability and the increase of the noise which is an indication of damages on the detector surface. 1.1. Resistivity increase RPCs operated with a high counting rate during long times show a gradual increase of the electrode plates resistivity which has the consequence of decreasing their rate capability. This effect was observed by testing reduced [1] and full size [2–4] chambers irradiated with radioactive sources and is presently under study on production chambers at X5-GIF, the CERN irradiation facility. It
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