Modeling denitrification in a tile-drained, corn and soybean agroecosystem of Illinois, USA

Denitrification is known as an important pathway for nitrate loss in agroecosystems. It is important to estimate denitrification fluxes to close field and watershed N mass balances, determine greenhouse gas emissions (N2O), and help constrain estimates of other major N fluxes (e.g., nitrate leaching, mineralization, nitrification). We compared predicted denitrification estimates for a typical corn and soybean agroecosystem on a tile drained Mollisol from five models (DAYCENT, SWAT, EPIC, DRAINMOD-N II and two versions of DNDC, 82a and 82h), after first calibrating each model to crop yields, water flux, and nitrate leaching. Known annual crop yields and daily flux values (water, nitrate-N) for 1993–2006 were provided, along with daily environmental variables (air temperature, precipitation) and soil characteristics. Measured denitrification fluxes were not available. Model output for 1997–2006 was then compared for a range of annual, monthly and daily fluxes. Each model was able to estimate corn and soybean yields accurately, and most did well in estimating riverine water and nitrate-N fluxes (1997–2006 mean measured nitrate-N loss 28 kg N ha year, model range 21– 28 kg N ha year). Monthly patterns in observed riverine nitrate-N flux were generally reflected in M. B. David (&) G. F. McIsaac Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Av., Urbana, IL 61801, USA e-mail: [email protected] S. J. Del Grosso USDA-ARS, Natural Resources Research Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building D, Suite 100, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA X. Hu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 4158 Newmark Laboratory, 205 N Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA E. P. Marshall World Resources Institute, 10 G Street, NE (Suite 800), Washington, DC 20002, USA W. J. Parton Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, ESB B233, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA C. Tonitto Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA M. A. Youssef Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, 185 Weaver Labs, P.O. Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA 123 Biogeochemistry (2009) 93:7–30 DOI 10.1007/s10533-008-9273-9