A BOLD statement on how to case-find moderate/severe COPD.

S creening and case-finding strategies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain controversial, with strong opinions all over, and with any statement raising both interest and criticism. Yet, the success of an earlier diagnosis would undoubtedly produce substantial public health benefits. Expert consensus states that there are 210 million people in the world suffering from COPD [1], although these world estimates could be soon modified [2, 3]. Whatever the number, the vast majority of individuals with COPD (70– 90%) are as yet undiagnosed [4], and therefore not receiving any medical care whatsoever. Even more importantly, many continue to smoke and/or are exposed to other risk factors. Therefore, any effective strategy to reduce COPD underdiagnosis is urgently needed.