Universal fluctuation of the average height in the early - time regime of one - dimensional Kardar – Parisi – Zhang - type growth

The statistics of the average height fluctuation of the onedimensional Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ)-type surface is investigated. Guided by the idea of local stationarity, we derive the scaling form of the characteristic function in the early-time regime, t N3/2 with t time and N the system size, from the known characteristic function in the stationary state (t N3/2) of the single-step model derivable from a Bethe ansatz solution, and thereby find the scaling properties of the cumulants and the large deviation function in the early-time regime. These results, combined with the scaling analysis of the KPZ equation, imply the existence of the universal scaling functions for the cumulants and an universal large deviation function. The analytic predictions are supported by the simulation results for three different models in the KPZ class.