The Invention of Ethiopian Jews : Three Models
نویسنده
چکیده
Résumé S. Kaplan — Trois approches de l'« invention » des Juifs éthiopiens. Dans la première partie de cet article, on distingue trois approches de l'identité des Beta Israël (Falasha). L'auteur procède tout d'abord à une synthèse des analyses historiques et anthropologiques récentes concernant les Beta Israël, analyses qui ont été fortement influencées par les études éthiopiennes et, de façon générale, par les études africanistes. Ensuite est abordée la manière dont les Beta Israël sont décrits dans les sources juives et israéliennes. Enfin, en examinant leurs mythes d'origine et les noms qu'ils utilisent, l'auteur analyse la façon dont les Beta Israël eux-mêmes tentent de redéfinir leur propre image. Dans la deuxième partie, on aborde le problème de la dynamique interne de ces différents modèles et le rapport qu'ils entretiennent. On essaie, en particulier, d'évaluer l'impact des changements récents subis par les Beta Israël, par exemple la transformation de la perception que les autres ont de cette population mais aussi l'émergence de nouveaux rapports entre les différents modèles.
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