Atmospheric emissions of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin following soil fumigation and surface containment treatment in bare-root forest nurseries
نویسندگان
چکیده
Methylisothiocyanate (MITC) and chloropicrin (CP) are alternatives to methyl bromide for soil fumigation. However, surface transport of MITC emission has been cited as the cause for seedling damage in adjacent fields at several bare-root forest-tree nurseries. Field experiments were conducted at nurseries in Wisconsin and Georgia to measure air emissions of MITC and CP after fumigation. Four treatments were tested as combinations of two fumigants (dazomet or coapplication of CP and metam sodium) and two surface containment treatments (tarp or water seal). A very small percentage (<5%) of the applied equivalent of MITC was lost through either surface treatment over a 2-week period, and lower emissions occurred with the water seal. Cumulative emissions of CP accounted for 10%–22% of the applied CP. With all surface containment treatments, more than 70% of total cumulative emissions of either MITC or CP occurred within 1 week of application. Either surface containment treatment can be used by nursery managers to reduce risk of MITC emissions that could cause damage to nearby seedling crops or harm to humans. Résumé : L’isothiocyanate de méthyle (ITCM) et la chloropicrine (CP) peuvent remplacer le bromure de méthyle pour la fumigation du sol. Cependant, des dommages aux semis dans les champs adjacents ont été imputés au transport en surface des émissions d’ITCM dans plusieurs pépinières forestières à racines nues. Des expériences de terrain ont été réalisées dans des pépinières du Wisconsin et de la Géorgie pour mesurer les émissions d’ITCM et de CP après une fumigation. Quatre traitements constitués des combinaisons de deux fumigants (dazomet ou application combinée de CP et de métam-sodium) et deux types de confinement en surface (bâche ou scellant aqueux). Peu importe le type de confinement en surface, un très faible pourcentage (<5 %) d’équivalent d’ITCM appliqué s’est échappé sur une période de deux semaines et les émissions ont été les plus faibles avec le scellant aqueux. Les émissions cumulatives de CP représentaient 10 % à 22 % de la quantité de CP appliquée. Plus de 70 % des émissions cumulatives totales d’ITCM et de CP sont survenues en moins d’une semaine après l’application quel que soit le type de confinement utilisé. N’importe quel type de confinement peut être utilisé par les gestionnaires de pépinière pour réduire les risques d’émission d’ITCM susceptible de causer des dommages aux semis avoisinants ou du tort aux personnes. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Wang et al. 1212
منابع مشابه
Greenhouse gas production and emission from a forest nursery soil following fumigation with chloropicrin and methyl isothiocyanate
Soil fumigation is commonly used to control soil-borne pathogens and weeds. Our aim was to examine the effects of soil fumigation with chloropicrin (CP) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) on CH4, N2O and CO2 production and emission. These effects on a SE USA forest nursery soil were examined in field and laboratory experiments. Following field fumigation, CH4 surface emissions and concentrations ...
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