Isolation and Characterization of Polyphenolic Compound Quercitin from Phyllanthus Emblica

The curative parts of medicinal plants are not simply its woody stem or its leaves but the number of chemical compounds (phytoconstituents) it produces and uses for its own growth like flavonoids, alkaloids, gum, mucilage, protein, carbohydrate etc. The genus Phyllanthus is widely used in medicine but still lot of work left to explore this genus. So the species, Phyllanthus emblica which is widely used in Indian traditional system are selected for various screening. The mentioned plant materials are rich source of polyphenolic compounds and some typical type of polyphenolic are responsible for various pharmacological activities. The isolation and characterization of Phytoconstituents was done from the alcoholic extract by the chromatographic method. The structure of the isolated compound was established on the basis of physical, chemical test and spectroscopic evidences (IR, UV, 1HNMR, MS). A flavonoidal structure was isolated from the alcoholic extract of the plant. The yellow colored compound which solubilizes in methanol, ethanol and water having m.p. 315C and Rf value 0.19 in mobile phase Isopropanol: formic acid: water (2:5:5) was identified by the various spectroscopical methods. So from this study it is concluded that isolated compound may be quercetin which is responsible for various pharmacological activities of the plants. INTRODUCTION: The plants of the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) are widely distributed in most tropical and subtropical countries. It is a very large genus consisting of approximately 550 to 750 species and is subdivided into 11 subgenera. Phyllanthus genera contain many important phytoconstituent which are responsible for various type of pharmacological activity like very effective hepatoprotective agents in the Indian indigenous systems of medicine and are considered bitter, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge, deobstruant and antiseptic . Among the popular species, P. niruri, P. urinaria, P. emblica, P. flexuosus and P. amarus, have received the most attention. Emblica officinalis (EO) enjoys a hallowed position in Ayurvedaan Indian indigenous system of medicine. According to believe in ancient Indian mythology, it is the first tree to be created in the universe. It belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. It is also named as Amla, Phyllanthus Emblica or Indian gooseberry. The species is native to India and also grows in tropical and subtropical regions including Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Srilanka, South East Asia, China and Malaysia.