Triaminoguanidinium (tag) and Dinitramide (dn) Salts

High nitrogen energetic materials with astonishing thermal behaviors and performances were synthesized by different metathesis reactions. Particularly the new compound triaminoguanidinium 1-methyl-5-nitriminotetrazolate (TAG-1-Me-AtNO2, 4) shows great explosion performance and may be an alternative to commonly used and toxic RDX. An improved synthesis for the promising energetic compound 4 is also presented. The new compound TAG2-OD (triaminoguanidinium 3,3'-bis1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-onate, 7) with an N-content of 60% and a relatively low isobaric (20 bar) combustion temperature of 1420 K may well be suitable for a N-rich component in erosion-reduced gun propellants. The highly energetic compounds azidoformamidinium dinitramide (AF_DN, 8), 1,3,5,-triaminoguanidinium dinitramide (TAG_DN, 9) 5-aminotetrazolium dinitramide (HAT_DN 10) were prepared in high yields according new syntheses by the reaction of potassium dinitramide and triaminoguanidinium, azidoformamidinium and 5-aminotetrazolium perchlorate, respectively. A full characterization of the chemical properties (IR and Raman spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis) as well as of the energetic characteristics (differential scanning calorimetry, bomb calorimetry, impact, friction and electrostatic tests) is presented. The heats of formation were calculated (CBS-4M) in an extensive computational study. The detonation parameters of compound 8-10 were calculated using the EXPLO5 software: 9: D = 9039 m s, p = 320 kbar. Including the good thermal stability 9 could be an alternative to RDX as a high explosive. In addition, the thermal behavior under confinement and the performance was tested applying a “Koenen” steel sleeve test resulting in a critical diameter of ≥ 10 mm.