Quantum Condensation, Thermodynamic Limit, and Dimensionality II. Interacting Fermion Gas
نویسنده
چکیده
Q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n o f a n i n t e r a c t i n g f e r m i o n o r b o s o n g a s is f o r m u l a t e d w i t h t h e h e l p o f t h e m e t h o d o f t h e q u a s i e x p e c t a t i o n v a l u e 1 . A c o n v e n i e n t v e r s i o n o f th i s m e t h o d w a s , f o r t h e b o s o n g a s , g i v e n r e c e n t l y b y t h e a u t h o r 2> 3 . I t is a d a p t e d t o t h e f e r m i o n case in S e c t i o n 1 o f t h e p r e s e n t p a p e r . T h i s m e t h o d l e a d s t o t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f n e w b u i l d i n g b l o c k s i n t o a d i a g r a m a t i c p e r t u r b a t i o n a n a l y s i s , ^ h e n e w e l e m e n t s d i s a p p e a r a g a i n w h e n , in t h e e n d >f t h e c a l c u l a t i o n , q u a s i e x p e c t a t i o n v a l u e s a re o b t a i n e d b y a l i m i t i n g p r o c e d u r e . B u t t h e y m a y sti l l l e a v e a t r a c e . T h i s is q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n . A s s h o w n in I , q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n o f t h e i n t e r a c t i n g b o s o n g a s c a n n o t o c c u r in a finite s y s t e m a n d e v e n n o t i f t h e t h e r m o d y n a m i c l i m i t is f o r m e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o o n e o r t w o s p a c e d i m e n s i o n s o n l y . T h e s e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s are , w i t h t h e s a m e re su l t s , r e p e a t e d f o r t h e f e r m i o n c a s e in S e c t i o n 2 t o 4 o f t h e p r e s e n t p a p e r . Q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n o f t h e i n t e r a c t i n g f e r m i o n g a s e s s e n t i a l l y c o n s i s t s in t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a c o n d e n s a t e o f p a r t i c l e pa i r s . T h i s p h y s i c a l a s p e c t is o b s c u r e d i n t h e c o n v e n t i o n a l f o r m u l a t i o n o f t h e c o n d e n s a i o n p r o b l e m as g i v e n in S e c t i o n 1. T h e r e f o r e , a r e f o r m u l a t i o n is d e v e l o p e d in S e c t i o n 2 . T h e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t w o p a r t i c l e s is e m p h a s i z e d in t h i s a l t e r n a t i v e f o r m u l a t i o n . I t is s u b s e q u e n t l y s h o w n in S e c t i o n 3 t h a t a c e r t a i n c lass o f d i a g r a m s , e s s e n t i a l l y r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e p r o p a g a t i o n o f t w o i n t e r a c t i n g p a r t i c l e s , w o u l d n o t e x i s t i f q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n o c c u r r e d in a finite s y s t e m . S i n c e t h e i r r e d u c i b l e s e l f e n e r g y p a r t s are i m m e d i a t e l y d e r i v e d f r o m t h i s c lass o f d i a g r a m s , q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n o f t h e i n t e r a c t i n g f e r m i o n g a s c a n n o t o c c u r i n a finite s y s t e m . A s finally p o i n t e d o u t in S e c t i o n 4 , q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n d o e s still n o t o c c u r i f t h e t h e r m o d y n a m i c l i m i t is f o r m e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o o n e o r t w o s p a c e d i m e n s i o n s o n l y p r o v i d e d t h a t a c e r t a i n a s s u m p t i o n a b o u t t h e s p e c t r u m o f a n e i g e n v a l u e e q u a t i o n is t r u e . T h a t q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n o f t h e f e r m i o n g a s d o e s n o t o c c u r i n s t r i c t l y o n e o r t w o d i m e n s i o n a l s y s t e m s ( w i t h n o s p a t i a l e x t e n s i o n i n o t h e r d i m e n s i o n s ) w a s s h o w n ear l ier b y HOHENBERG 4 .
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