Modeling of a Turbofan Engine with Ice Crystal Ingestion in the Nasa Propulsion System Laboratory

The main focus of this study is to apply a computational tool for the flow analysis of the turbine engine that has been tested with ice crystal ingestion in the Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL) at NASA Glenn Research Center. The PSL has been used to test a highly instrumented Honeywell ALF502R-5A (LF11) turbofan engine at simulated altitude operating conditions. Test data analysis with an engine cycle code and a compressor flow code was conducted to determine the values of key icing parameters, that can indicate the risk of ice accretion, which can lead to engine rollback (un-commanded loss of engine thrust). The full engine aerothermodynamic performance was modeled with the Honeywell Customer Deck specifically created for the ALF502R-5A engine. The mean-line compressor flow analysis code, which includes a code that models the state of the ice crystal, was used to model the air flow through the fan-core and low pressure compressor. The results of the compressor flow analyses included calculations of the ice-water flow rate to air flow rate ratio (IWAR), the local static wet bulb temperature, and the particle melt ratio throughout the flow field. It was found that the assumed particle size had a large effect on the particle melt ratio, and on the local wet bulb temperature. In this study the particle size was varied parametrically to produce a non-zero calculated melt ratio in the exit guide vane (EGV) region of the low pressure compressor (LPC) for the data points that experienced a growth of blockage there, and a subsequent engine called rollback (CRB). At data points where the engine experienced a CRB having the lowest wet bulb temperature of 492 R at the EGV trailing edge, the smallest particle size that produced a non-zero melt ratio (between 3% 4%) was on the order of 1μm. This value of melt ratio was utilized as the target for all other subsequent data points analyzed, while the particle size was varied from 1μm 9.5μm to achieve the target melt ratio. For data points that did not experience a CRB which had static wet bulb temperatures in the EGV region below 492 R, a non-zero melt ratio could not be achieved even with a 1μm ice particle size. The highest value of static wet bulb temperature for data points that experienced engine CRB was 498 R with a particle size of 9.5μm. Based on this study of the LF11 engine test data, the range of static wet bulb temperature at the EGV exit for engine CRB was in the narrow range of 492 R 498 R, while the minimum value of IWAR was 0.002. The rate of blockage growth due to ice accretion and boundary layer growth was estimated by scaling from a known blockage growth rate that was determined in a previous study. These results obtained from the LF11 engine analysis formed the basis of a unique “icing wedge.” NOMENCLATURE CD Customer Deck COMDES Compressor flow analysis code CRB Engine Called Rollback EGV Exit Guide Vane HPC High Pressure Compressor HPT High Pressure Turbine IGV Inlet Guide Vane ISA International Standard Atmosphere IWAR Ice-Water Flow Rate to Air Flow Rate Ratio LPC Low Pressure Compressor (supercharger) MELT Ice particle thermodynamic state model PSL Propulsion Systems Laboratory PT2 LPC Exit Total Pressure PT3 HPC Exit Total Pressure R Rankine TT2 LPC Exit Total Temperature TT3 HPC Exit Total Temperature TT45 HPT Exit Total Temperature Twbs Static wet bulb temperature TWC Total Water Content μm Micron