Sequence composition diversity in Alaskan glacier and other metagenomes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Metagenomics by next generation sequencing has become an important tool for interrogating complex microbial communities. In this study we analyzed several pairs of metagenomic samples obtained by different methods and observed biases, resulting in different nucleotide composition of the sequenced reads. The pairwise sample comparison was based on the principal component analysis of dinucleotide word frequencies in sequences obtained from different platforms. We found bias in the sequences obtained from the different platforms for the amplified hypervariable regions in 16S rRNA but not in shotgun metagenome reads aligned to such hypervariable regions. The differences and consistency of the distributions of the nucleotides suggest that the biases are likely due to a combination of biases introduced by PCR and different sequencing protocols, and they are related to the GC content of the reads produced. For this reason, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results of comparative metagenomics studies, as they may vary depending on the sequencing technology. Introduction In recent years, metagenomics has emerged as a powerful tool involving the study of genome of microbial communities by sequencing microbial DNA extracted directly from environmental samples. Metagenomics unravels the enormous uncultured microbial diversity present in the environment, irrespective of the ability of member organisms to grow in the laboratory (Wooley, Godzik & Friedberg, 2010). Since less than 1% of the microbes present in nature can be cultured, metagenomics allows us to acquire microbial genomes by circumventing the cultivation step (Amann, Ludwig & Schleifer, 1995). The advent of next generation sequencing represents great
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