[Evaluation of clinical therapeutic effect for traditional Chinese medicine].

نویسنده

  • Ke-Ji Chen
چکیده

传统中医药临床疗效评价的重要性在于 : ( 1) 科 学传承中医药优秀的临床实践经验 ,以代代相传 , 更 好地为病人服务 ; ( 2) 探索和建立符合中医药特点的 评价参照系 , 以更加贴切地反映中医药学术特色 ; (3 )对虚假和不实事求是的评价以及评价不当者予 以纠正。 评价医药疗效应强调四性 ( 4R ) : ( 1 ) 合理性 ( ra tionality ) :其理论思维、病证结合的评估标准以 及统计学要求合理 ; ( 2) 重复性 ( replication ) :其疗效 结论主客观误差小 , 经得起他人重复 ; ( 3 ) 随机性 ( randomization) :设计/ 观察/ 验证及后续都能体现 ; (4 )代表性 ( represen tativeness ) : 基本可以反映当代 实际医疗水平。 评价疗效的标准要求 : ( 1) 应采用合理的国际及 国内统一标准。随着学术进步 ,标准可能会有调整 , 也应合理采纳。例如 , 近年对老年人收缩期高血压 的认识以及对动脉粥样硬化病人血浆低密度脂蛋白 胆 固 醇 ( low-density lipoprot ein cholesterol , LDL-c) 治疗达标值的新理解等 , 都是大样本临床 随机对照试验 ( random controlled t rial , RCT )结果 , 应及时采纳。 (2 ) 应采用中医药学术领域的统一标 准。例如 ,关于血瘀证及虚证等已有国内统一标准 , 应尽量采用。学术上如有进一步的建议 , 可讨论达 到共识并修订。 (3 )中医证候标准采用定量/ 半定量 方法评价 ,还应注重动态演变 ; 症状出现频率也是一 个值得关注的方面。 (4 ) 应兼顾健康生活质量及疾 病生活质量标准的应用 , 人文精神与科学精神相结 合。 ( 5)应考虑相关影响因素 (如药材的鉴别、针刺 手法及盲法评价设计等 )问题。 关于中医药个体化治疗效果的评估 : ( 1) 辨证论 治是中医医疗特点 ,达到可重复性的评价难度很大 , 应当探讨其循证医学评估方法。 ( 2 ) 分证型评估目 前已有较成熟经验 , 多年来大家在新药评审中已积 累不少经验 ,可以参考。 ( 3) 动态随访评估问题。这 实际上是较长期的疗效评估 ,以往开展不多。 ( 4) 单 病例随机对照试验 ( RCT in individual patient , 即 Single case study) , 很适于中医药临床观察 , 便于通 过几轮对照观察调整最佳剂量 ,失访者少 ; 但易得假 阳性结论 ,可受自然波动影响 , 不易重复。 不良反应的评估不可忽视。《神农本草经》就已 很重视不良反应 ,它涉及合理用药问题、剂量反应问 题、个体化用药问题 , 以及配伍用药和中西药相互作 用 ( drug inte raction) 等问题。现在大家对中药有可 能出现不良反应已不惊讶 , 但更重要的是应由国家 组织进行中药毒理学的系统研究和学科建设 , 这样 才有利于合理评价疗效及进行安全性评估。 在疾病及证候诊断和疗效评价关系方面 , 要不 断完善主客观诊断“证据”的层次 , 其中有证据的真 实性、准确性和可信度问题 , 应减少可能的偏倚 , 要 主客观指标并重。 新近国外一些重要医学期刊 , 如 Archives of In ternal Medicine、BMJ、Cardiology、JAMA、T he · 1 · 中西医结合学报 2005 年 1 月第 3 卷第 1 期 J Chin In t egr M ed , Janu ary 2005 , Vol .3 , No .1

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine

دوره 3 1  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2005