4. Other Data Relevant to an Evaluation of Carcinogenicity and its Mechanisms
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4.1 Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion 4.1.1 Humans (a) Nicotine There are well-documented differences in the absorption of nicotine from smoked tobacco and that from smokeless tobacco products. However, once nicotine from smokeless tobacco has been absorbed into the systemic circulation, it is assumed that it is distributed, metabolized and excreted similarly, regardless of the route of administration. The experimental designs among the many pharmacokinetic studies of nicotine differ. Some experiments involved the intravenous administration of nicotine (occasionally as a radiolabelled SMOKELESS TOBACCO 251
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4. Other Data Relevant to an Evaluation of Carcinogenicity and its Mechanisms
Extensive reviews of the metabolism of arsenic have been published recently (National Research Council, 1999, 2001; WHO, 2001). This section focuses on data relevant for the evaluation of carcinogenic effects. Thus, it is not a complete review on all published data. The oxidation state of arsenic and its metabolites are given if reported. If speciation of oxidation state has not been performed,...
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Arecoline Absorption after dermal application Hayes et al. (1989) developed a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique for quantitative analysis of arecoline in blood plasma, in the concentration range 1–50 ng/mL, which was used on plasma samples from healthy volunteers [number not given] who had received transdermal doses at 3 mg/h. The time–concentration profile showed a maximum...
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Text summarization endeavors to produce a summary version of a text, while maintaining the original ideas. The textual content on the web, in particular, is growing at an exponential rate. The ability to decipher through such massive amount of data, in order to extract the useful information, is a major undertaking and requires an automatic mechanism to aid with the extant repository of informa...
متن کامل4. Other Data Relevant to an Evaluation of Carcinogenicity and its Mechanisms
4.1 Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion 4.1.1 Humans The pharmacokinetics of the newer progestogens, desogestrel, norgestimate and gestodene, has been reviewed (Fotherby, 1996). There are only a few reports of studies on the disposition of these progestogens, mostly in combination with ethinyloestradiol, and these are discussed in detail in the monograph on 'Oral contraceptives, ...
متن کامل4. Other Data Relevant to an Evaluation of Carcinogenicity and its Mechanisms 4.1 Radiation syndromes: Early effects of whole-body irradiation A hierarchy of health effects
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