Prevention for substance-using HIV-positive young people: telephone and in-person delivery.

SUMMARY HIV risky behaviors and health practices were examined among young people living with HIV (YPLH) in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York over 15 months in response to receiving a preventive intervention. YPLH aged 16 to 29 years (n = 175; 26% black and 42% Latino; 69% gay men) were randomly assigned to a 3-module intervention totaling 18 sessions delivered by telephone, in person, or a delayed-intervention condition. Intention-to-treat analyses found that the in-person intervention resulted in a significantly higher proportion of sexual acts protected by condoms overall and with HIV-seronegative partners. Pre- and postanalyses of YPLH in the delayed-intervention condition alone found that YPLH tended to have fewer sexual partners, used fewer drugs, reported less emotional distress, and decreased their use of antiretroviral therapies. Prevention programs can be delivered in alternative formats while retaining efficacy. When YPLH are using hard drugs, drug treatment may be needed before delivery of preventive interventions.