Ship seakeeping

• Maximum speed in a seaway: 'involuntary' speed reduction due to added resistance in waves and 'voluntary' speed reduction to avoid excessive motions, loads etc. • Route optimization (routing) to minimize, e.g., transport time, fuel consumption, or total cost. • Structural design of the ship with respect to loads in seaways. • Habitation comfort and safety of people on board: motion sickness, danger of accidental falls, man overboard. • Ship safety: capsizing, large roll motions and accelerations, slamming, wave impact on superstructures or deck cargo, propeller racing resulting in excessive rpm for the engine. • Operational limits for ships (e.g. for offshore supply vessels or helicopters landing on ships).