The role of particle size of particulate nano-zinc oxide wood preservatives on termite mortality and leach resistance
نویسندگان
چکیده
Historically most residential wood preservatives were aqueous soluble metal formulations, but recently metals ground to submicron size and dispersed in water to give particulate formulations have gained importance. In this study, the specific role nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) particle size and leach resistance plays in termite mortality resulting from exposure to particulate ZnO-treated wood was investigated. Southern yellow pine (SYP) sapwood impregnated with three concentrations of two particle sizes (30 and 70 nm) of ZnO were compared to wood treated with soluble zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) preservative for leach resistance and termite resistance. Less than four percent leached from the particulate nano-ZnO-treated specimens, while 13 to 25% of the zinc sulphate leached from the soluble treated wood. Nano-ZnO was essentially non-leachable from wood treated with 5% formulation for the 30-nm particle size. In a no-choice laboratory test, eastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) consumed less than 10% of the leached nano-ZnO-treated wood with 93 to 100% mortality in all treatment concentrations. In contrast, termites consumed 10 to 12% of the leached ZnSO4-treated wood, but with lower mortality: 29% in the 1% treatment group and less than 10% (5 and 8%, respectively) in the group of wood blocks treated with 2.5 and 5.0% ZnSO4. We conclude that termites were repelled from consuming wood treated with nano-ZnO, but when consumed it was more toxic to eastern subterranean termites than wood treated with the soluble metal oxide formulation. There were no differences in leaching or termite mortality between the two particle sizes of nano-ZnO.
منابع مشابه
Correction: The role of particle size of particulate nano-zinc oxide wood preservatives on termite mortality and leach resistance
Submit your next manuscript at 7 springeropen.com * Correspondence: [email protected] U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Table 1 Average chemical retention of pre-leached wood blocks. Treatment Concentration (%) Retention (kg/m) Std dev. Untreated 30 nm ZnO 1.0 8.9 0.3 30 nm ZnO 2.5 22.8...
متن کاملWeatherability and Leach Resistance of Wood Impregnated with Nano-Zinc Oxide
Southern pine specimens vacuum-treated with nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) dispersions were evaluated for leach resistance and UV protection. Virtually, no leaching occurred in any of the nano-ZnO-treated specimens in a laboratory leach test, even at the highest retention of 13 kg/m(3). However, specimens treated with high concentrations of nano-ZnO showed 58-65% chemical depletion after 12 months ...
متن کاملSynthesis and Characterization of Nano-Sized Hexagonal and Spherical Nanoparticles of Zinc Oxide
ZnO plays an important role in many semiconductors technological aspects. Here, direct precipitation method was employed for the synthesis of nano-sized hexagonal ZnO particles, which is based on chemical reactions between raw materials used in the experiment. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by calcinations of the ZnO precursor precipitates at 250 ˚C for 3hours. ...
متن کاملSynthesis of Zinc (II) Oxide Wurtzite Nano Crystals Via Zn (II) Minoxidil Nanocomposite As a New Precoursur
The study describes the synthesis and characterization of zinc(II) minoxidil nanocomposite (1). The reaction between zinc(II) acetate, minoxidil, {C9H15N5O=minoxidil=(2,4-diamino-6-piperidine-1-yl) pyrimidine N-oxide)} as a ligand and KI as bridging agent, in methanol at 60°C leads to the formation of nano-sized Zn(II) minoxidil nanocomposite, 1. Characterization of (1) was carried out by eleme...
متن کاملZinc Requirements of Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) by Assessing Dose- Evaluating Response of Zinc Oxide Nano-Particle Supplementation
This study was conducted to determine the effects of various doses and particle sizes (micro or nano) of dietary zinc and zinc oxide on growth performance, serum enzyme activities, carcass characteristics, and zinc requirements in Japanese quails. A total of 576 day-old Japanese quails (both sexes) were housed in 36 deep litter floor pens. Birds received a basal corn–soybean meal diet that was ...
متن کامل