Integrating marine protected areas with catch regulation

نویسندگان

  • Ray Hilborn
  • Fiorenza Micheli
  • Giulio A. De Leo
چکیده

Previous models of marine protected areas (MPAs) have generally assumed that there were no existing regulations on catch and have frequently shown that MPAs, by themselves, can be used to maintain both sustainable fish stocks and sustainable harvests. We explore the impact of implementing an MPA in a spatially structured model of a single-species fish stock that is regulated by total allowable catch (TAC). We find that when a stock is managed at maximum sustainable yield, or is overfished, implementation of an MPA will require a reduction in TAC to avoid increased fishing pressure on the stock outside the MPA. In both cases, catches will be lower as a result of overlaying an MPA on existing fisheries management. Only when the stock is so overfished that it is headed towards extinction does an MPA not lead to lower catches. In a TAC-regulated fishery, even if the stock is overfished, MPA implementation may not improve overall stock abundance or increase harvest unless catch is simultaneously reduced in the areas outside the MPA. Models that consider differential adult and larval dispersal need to be explored to see if these results are found with the more complex biology of a two-stage model. Résumé : Les modèles antérieurs de zones de protection marine (« MPA ») présupposent généralement qu’il n’y a pas de règlements actuels sur les captures et ils ont souvent démontré que les MPA, par elles-mêmes, peuvent servir à maintenir tant des stocks soutenables de poisson que des récoltes soutenables. Nous examinons l’impact de l’établissement d’une MPA dans un modèle structuré en fonction de l’espace d’un stock monospécifique de poissons qui est contrôlé par la capture totale permise (« TAC »). Lorsqu’un stock est géré à un rendement maximum soutenable ou qu’il est surexploité, l’établissement d’une MPA exige la réduction de TAC pour éviter une pression accrue de la pêche sur le stock à l’extérieur de la MPA. Dans les deux cas, les captures vont diminuer puisque la MPA se surajoute à la gestion actuelle de la pêche. C’est seulement lorsque le stock est tellement surexploité qu’il risque l’extinction que la MPA ne cause pas de réduction des captures. Dans une pêche commerciale réglementée par TAC, même lorsque le stock est surexploité, l’établissement d’une MPA peut ne pas améliorer l’abondance globale du stock, ni augmenter la récolte, à moins que la capture ne soit simultanément réduite dans les zones extérieures à la MPA. Il faudra explorer les modèles qui tiennent compte de la dispersion différente des adultes et des larves afin de voir si les mêmes résultats sont obtenus d’un modèle à deux niveaux avec une biologie plus complexe. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Hilborn et al. 649

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تاریخ انتشار 2006