Prevalence of hypospadias in European countries: is it increasing?
نویسنده
چکیده
Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies, the treatment of which is both appealing and challenging for any experienced paediatric urologist. The hypospadiac malformation can be defined as a consequence of a misdevelopment of the urethral spongiosum tissue, with a defect of the ventral aspect of the prepuce and the skin of the distal shaft. Usually, an arrest in the normal embryologic correction of penile curvature is associated, although in a range of different degrees [1,2]. Many anatomic variants are present on a continuum of severity. The minor forms are characterised by an ectopic urethral meatus on the glans penis or on the coronal sulcus as well as on the subcoronal aspect of the penis; the most severe variants present a proximal urethra opening on the penoscrotal junction, scrotum, or perineum. Undescended testicles and penile–scrotal skin transposition with bifid scrotum may be frequently associated (15%), especially in the more severe anatomic degrees [2]. Hypospadias has been evaluated as occurring in approximately 1 out of 200–300 live male births in the US population [1], with small variations between Caucasian children and those of other ethnicities or races. In European countries the prevalence of the hypospadiac malformation has been assessed at up to 3 per 1000 live male births. A Dutch study published in 2002 suggested a higher hypospadias rate, up to 3.8 per 1000 live male births [3].
منابع مشابه
Prevalence of hypospadias in Italy according to severity, gestational age and birthweight: an epidemiological study
BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a congenital displacement of the urethral meatus in male newborns, being either an isolated defect at birth or a sign of sexual development disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence rate of hypospadias in different Districts of Italy, in order to make a comparison with other countries all over the world. METHODS We reviewed all the newborns file r...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- European urology
دوره 55 5 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2009