Belgeo, 3 | 2001
نویسنده
چکیده
Deindustrialization as well as a dramatic decrease of the labour needed in food productioncharacterise the development on the Norwegian countryside the recent decades. This analysis examines how rural households in danger of losing income opportunities develop new income strategies in remote Norwegian areas. The regional restructuring processes have brought ruralhouseholds different possibilities of making a living. The analysis takes its principal starting points in four strategic positions of rural households. They are with and without landholdings,and close and remote from urban areas. The analysis in the article puts focus on households inthe most remote areas of rural Norway. I show that the households in Norwegian rural districtshave maintained their traditional way of coping with the declining economic opportunities byexploiting the specific Norwegian characteristics of rural areas: the common access to land andmarine resources. This kind of income obtaining is supplied by incomes from the local labourmarket. These strategies have their origin in the rural system of socialising which encourages therural people to take care of their inheritance and qualify for the rural labour market.Furthermore some households without access to land areas develop several business activitiesthat are being shared among the household members. La désindustrialisation ainsi que la baisse dramatique de main-d’œuvre nécessaire à laproduction alimentaire caractérisent le développement des campagnes norvégiennes cesdernières décennies. Cette analyse examine comment des ménages ruraux menacés par la pertede leurs revenus développent de nouvelles stratégies de revenus dans des régions norvégiennesreculées. Les processus régionaux de restructuration ont rendu possible différentes façons degagner sa vie. Cette analyse se base essentiellement sur quatre positions stratégiques desménages ruraux: ceux-ci sont des propriétaires terriens ou non et se situent à proximité ou loinde régions urbaines. L’analyse de l’article se focalise sur les ménages des régions rurales reculéesde Norvège. Nous montrerons qu’ils ont maintenu leur façon traditionnelle de lutter contre ladiminution des opportunités économiques en exploitant les caractéristiques norvégiennesspécifiques des régions rurales, c’est-à-dire l’accès collectif à la terre et aux ressources marines.Cette façon de gagner sa vie est complétée par des revenus du marché du travail local. Cesstratégies prennent leur origine dans le système rural de socialisation qui encourage leshabitants des campagnes à s’occuper de leur héritage et à se présenter sur le marché du travailrural. De plus, certains ménages sans accès à la terre développent différentes activitéscommerciales qui sont partagées au sein du ménage.
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