Combining Domain-Independent Planning and HTN Planning: The Duet Planner

Despite the recent advances in planning for classical domains, the question of how to use domain knowledge in planning is yet to be completely and clearly answered. Some of the existing planners use domain-independent search heuristics, and some others depend on intensively-engineered domainspecific knowledge to guide the planning process. In this paper, we describe an approach to combine ideas from both of the above schools of thought. We present Duet, our planning system that incorporates the ability of using hierarchical domain knowledge in the form of Hierarchical Task Networks (HTNs) as in SHOP2 (Nau et al. 2003) and using domainindependent local search techniques as in LPG (Gerevini, Saetti, and Serina 2003). In our experiments, Duet was able to solve much larger problems than LPG could solve, with only minimal domain knowledge encoded in HTNs (much less domain knowledge than SHOP2 needed to solve those problems by itself).