Ophthalmologist-on-a-chip: Fully Integrated Microfluidic Tear Osmolarity and Protein Biomarker Quantification for Dry Eye Stratification
نویسندگان
چکیده
Human tear film fluid offers tremendous potential as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid. However, the use of tear fluid in diagnostic medicine is limited owing to non-standardized collection methodologies and low volume availability. We present a first-reported microfluidic tear fluid biomarker assay which will serve as a foundation for both rapid biomarker validation and point-of-care ocular diagnostics. Our microfluidic approach demonstrates multiplexed quantitation of both tear fluid osmolarity and lactoferrin protein concentration in microliter quantities of human fluid from healthy and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients.
منابع مشابه
Tear osmolarity as a biomarker for dry eye disease severity.
PURPOSE To study the association between tear osmolarity and dry eye severity grade, based on a modified Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) scale, and between osmolarity and the signs and symptoms that determine dry eye disease severity. METHODS Nineteen patients with dry eye disease were asked to complete an evaluation of dry eye signs and symptoms composed of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) qu...
متن کاملPaper-based microfluidic system for tear electrolyte analysis† †We declare no competing financial interests. ‡ ‡Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Microscopic images of G1 paper and G41 paper under brightfield; optimization of CO2 laser radiation fluence and beam speed for ablating filter paper-G1; photographs of DI water diffusion in microfluidic channels with different lengths, different widths, different viscosities of fluid and different numbers of channels; fluorescence intensity readouts of Na+ and K+ ions with varied concentrations of fluorescent probes; effect of variations in temperature on fluorescence intensity; photographs of DMSO on G1 paper dried in the air; calibration curves of electrolyte sensing on G1 paper using microplate reader measurement; calculation of sensitivity of the fluorescent sensors based on International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) guidelines; quantification of ion interference in buffer solution and artificial tear fluid; light attenuation of LED lights using different optical filters; the design of the sample collection device and its potential clinical use; calibration curves of electrolyte sensors using the paper-based microfluidic system; quantifications of evaporation effect on sampling process; design of the sample collection device and its potential clinical use; batch-to-batch variation experiments; equation for background subtraction; movies of sample collection and measurements. See DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01450j Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file.
The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry ...
متن کاملPaper-based microfluidic system for tear electrolyte analysis
The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry ...
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The dynamics of the tear film are reviewed with specific reference to the biophysical aspects: distribution, turnover and elimination through evaporation, drainage, and absorption. The review concentrates on quantitative assessments and is confined to aspects of the dynamics that can be fully and directly measured. The techniques of fluorophotometry, fluorescein clearance, lacrimal scintigraphy...
متن کاملA mass and solute balance model for tear volume and osmolarity in the normal and the dry eye.
Tear hyperosmolarity is thought to play a key role in the mechanism of dry eye, a common symptomatic condition accompanied by visual disturbance, tear film instability, inflammation and damage to the ocular surface. We have constructed a model for the mass and solute balance of the tears, with parameter estimation based on extensive data from the literature which permits the influence of tear e...
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