Ecotypic differentiation of native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations from British Columbia
نویسندگان
چکیده
We sampled 34 native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations over a wide geographic area of British Columbia to determine whether variation in morphology is related to differences in habitat or fish community characteristics experienced by a population. After correcting for differences in body size, the most dramatic differences occurred in external characteristics between streamand lake-dwelling populations. Rainbow trout from streams had more robust bodies with larger caudal peduncles and heads and longer paired fins than rainbow trout from lakes. Unlike other lake populations, piscivorous rainbow trout populations had relatively large heads and mouths that were more similar in size to those of stream-dwelling populations. We found fewer differences in the size of internal organs across ecotypes, producing little predictive ability of these characteristics to differentiate populations of rainbow trout. We also sampled 27 additional rainbow trout populations with unknown fish communities to determine how well large-scale patterns predict morphological differentiation over a smaller spatial scale. Of the five ecotypes that we detected at a smaller scale, the largest differences again occurred between stream and lake populations. Our data suggest that external morphological variation among populations of rainbow trout covaries with ecological conditions at a variety of spatial scales, particularly between lakes and rivers. Résumé : Nous avons échantillonné 34 populations indigènes de truites arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) dans une grande région géographique de la Colombie-Britannique afin de déterminer si la variation morphologique est reliée à des différences d’habitat ou des caractéristiques des communautés de poissons rencontrées par la population. Après correction pour les différences de taille, les différences les plus spectaculaires existent entre les caractéristiques externes des populations des cours d’eau et celles des lacs. Les truites arc-en-ciel des cours d’eau ont un corps plus robuste avec un pédoncule caudal et une tête plus grands et de plus longues nageoires paires que les truites des lacs. Contrairement aux autres populations des lacs, les truites arc-en-ciel piscivores ont une tête et une bouche relativement plus grandes, de taille plus semblable à celles des populations habitant les cours d’eau. Il existe moins de différences entre les écotypes en ce qui concerne la taille des organes internes et ces caractéristiques n’ont qu’un faible pouvoir de prédiction pour distinguer les populations de truites arc-en-ciel. Nous avons aussi échantillonné 27 populations additionnelles de truites arc-en-ciel appartenant à des communautés de poissons inconnues afin de vérifier dans quelle mesure les patterns à grande échelle permettent de prédire la différentiation morphologique sur une échelle spatiale réduite. Des cinq écotypes reconnus à plus petite échelle, les différences les plus accentuées se produisent encore entre les populations des cours d’eau et celles des lacs. Nos données laissent croire que la variation morphologique externe de la truite arc-en-ciel est en covariation avec les conditions écologiques à plusieurs échelles spatiales, particulièrement entre les lacs et les rivières. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Keeley et al. 1539
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