Food-derived Mutagens and Carcinogens1
نویسندگان
چکیده
Cooked food contains a variety of mutagenic heterocyclic amines. All the mutagenic heterocyclic amines tested were carcinogenic in rodents when given in the diet at 0.01-0.08%. Most of them induced cancer in the liver and in other organs. It is noteworthy that the most abundant heterocyclic amine in cooked food, 2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-A|pyridine, produced colon and mammary carcinomas in rats and lymphomas in mice but no hepatomas in either. 2-Amino-3methylimidazo(4,5-/]quinoline induced liver cancer in monkeys. Forma tion of adducts with guanine by heterocyclic amines is presumably involved in their carcinogenesis. Quantification of heterocyclic amines in cooked foods and in human urine indicated that humans are continuously exposed to low levels of them in the diet. These low levels of heterocyclic amines are probably insufficient to produce human cancers by themselves. However, a linear relationship between DNA adduct levels and a wide range of doses of a heterocyclic amine was demonstrated in animals. It suggests that even very low doses of heterocyclic amines form DNA adducts and may be implicated in the development of human cancer under conditions in which many other mutagens-carcinogens, tumor promoters, and factors stimulating cancer progression exist.
منابع مشابه
Use of a Human–Derived Liver Cell Line for the Detection of Protective Effect of Dietary Antioxidants Against Food Mutagens
متن کامل
Chemistry of mutagens and carcinogens in broiled food.
From a chemical point of view, the following subjects are important areas in studies on mutagens and carcinogens in broiled foods. In addition to heterocyclic amines which need microsomal activation, the structural elucidation of more labile direct-acting mutagens is necessary. It is known that there are still various unknown minor mutagens in broiled foods. Although the structural characteriza...
متن کاملPast, present, and future of mutagens in cooked foods.
Mutation assay with Salmonella typhimurium enabled us to detect various types of mutagens in cooked foods. A series of mutagenic heterocyclic amines has been isolated and identified in broiled fish and meat and in pyrolyzates of amino acids and proteins. Feeding experiments showed these mutagens to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. The mechanism of formation and pathway of metabolic activation ...
متن کاملChemistry of Maillard reactions: recent studies on the browning reaction mechanism and the development of antioxidants and mutagens.
متن کامل
A current genotoxicity database for heterocyclic thermic food mutagens. I. Genetically relevant endpoints.
Cooking, heat processing, or pyrolysis of protein-rich foods induce the formation of a series of structurally related heterocyclic aromatic bases that have been found to be mutagens. The primary genetic assay utilized to detect and isolate these mutagens has been the his reversion assay in Salmonella typhimurium. The classification and nomenclature of these chemicals is revised to reflect recen...
متن کامل