Short communication: genetic evaluation of mobility for Brown Swiss dairy cattle.

Genetic parameters were estimated for mobility score and 16 linear type traits of Brown Swiss dairy cattle. Mobility is an overall assessment trait that measures a cow's ability to move, as well as the structure of her feet, pasterns, and legs. Scores from 50 to 99 were assigned by appraisers for the Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders' Association of the USA beginning in June 2007. Only scores made before 69 mo of age were used. After edits, 32,710 records were available for 19,472 cows in 819 herds. The model included fixed effects for the interaction of herd and appraisal date (2,109 groups), appraisal age within parity (46 groups), and lactation stage within parity (21 groups), as well as random effects for animal, permanent environment, and residual error. A multi-trait analysis was conducted using canonical transformation, multiple diagonalization, and a decelerated expectation-maximization REML algorithm. Heritability was estimated to be 0.21 for mobility and ranged from 0.06 to 0.37 for the other 16 type traits. The traits with the highest genetic correlation with mobility were final score (0.78), rear legs (rear view; 0.74), rear udder width (0.52), and foot angle (0.51). Predicted transmitting ability (PTA) for mobility was calculated using the Brown Swiss multi-trait type evaluation system but included only appraisals for which all traits had been scored. For the 1,868 bulls evaluated, PTA for mobility ranged from 1.6 to -1.8 with a standard deviation of 0.5 and was most highly correlated with PTA for final score (0.88), rear legs (rear view; 0.77), rear udder height (0.70), and rear udder width (0.69), as expected from the trait correlations. When matched with official US national evaluations from August 2011, PTA mobility had moderately high correlations with PTA for milk, fat, and protein yields, as well as productive life (0.31-0.41). The mobility trait may provide a more accurate assessment of the structural soundness required for longevity than does the feet-legs composite.