The environment and disease: association or causation? 1965.

Association or causation: evaluating links between "environment and disease".

This section looks back to some ground-breaking contributions to public health, reproducing them in their original form and adding a commentary on their significance from a modern-day perspective. Robyn M. Lucas and Anthony J. McMichael review The environment and disease: association or causation? by Sir Austin Bradford Hill on establishing relationships between illness and conditions of work o...

The Association between Socio – economic Factors and Coronary Artery Disease in Yazd Province: a case - control Study

Introduction: One of the strongest and most consistent predictors of morbidity and mortality of an individual is socio -economic status (SES) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is maybe the most prominent disturbance caused by socio-economic inequality. To investigate the relation between socio - economic factors with CAD this study was conducted in Yazd province. Materials and Methods:This retr...

مفهوم علیت در پارادایم‌های پزشکی

In this article, we aim to discuss one of the essential concepts of medicine. As a rule, such studies attempt to clarify the philosophical principals of medicine, whereby the act of medic can be regulated based on his clear perceptions of the principles of his knowledge. In this article, we will evaluate the concept of causation in medicine from a philosophical point of view and through histor...

Civil Responsibility Arising from the Transmission of COVID-19

Background: Once COVID-19 is transmitted, the corresponding civil responsibility should be clarified by the identification of the transmitter, compensation of the damage and detection of the causal relationship between the damage or harm and the harmful act.    Methods: This research has been prepared by descriptive analytical method and its data has been collected by documentary library tools...

Association or Causation of Sugar Sweetened Beverages and Coronary Heart Disease: Recalling Sir Austin Bradford Hill Running title: Huffman; Association or Causation of SSBs and CHD