Panel Data: Fixed and Random Effects
ثبت نشده
چکیده
In panel data, individuals (persons, firms, cities, ... ) are observed at several points in time (days, years, before and after treatment, ...). This handout focuses on panels with relatively few time periods (small T ) and many individuals (large N). This handout introduces the two basic models for the analysis of panel data, the fixed effects model and the random effects model, and presents consistent estimators for these two models. The handout does not cover so-called dynamic panel data models. Panel data are most useful when we suspect that the outcome variable depends on explanatory variables which are not observable but correlated with the observed explanatory variables. If such omitted variables are constant over time, panel data estimators allow to consistently estimate the effect of the observed explanatory variables.
منابع مشابه
Identification in Some Random Coefficients Panel Data Models (With Application to Quantile Regression)
This paper considers a random coefficients panel data model with individualspecific intercepts (or fixed effects). The identification of the distribution of random slope coefficients is established in two settings: when random slope coefficients are conditionally independent from individual-specific intercepts; and when individual-specific intercepts are allowed to depend on random slope coeffi...
متن کاملThe Effect of Fiscal Decentralization on Under-five Mortality in Iran: A Panel Data Analysis
Background Fiscal Decentralization (FD) in many cases is encouraged as a strong means of improving the efficiency and equity in the provision of public goods, such as healthcare services. This issue has urged the researchers to experimentally examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization indicators and health outcomes. In this study we examine the effect of Fiscal Decentralization in...
متن کاملFixed and Random Effects in
Received analyses based on stochastic frontier modeling with panel data have relied primarily on results from traditional linear fixed and random effects models. This paper examines extensions of these models that circumvent two important shortcomings of the existing fixed and random effects approaches. The conventional panel data stochastic frontier estimators both assume that technical or cos...
متن کاملPreliminary. Comments invited Fixed and Random Effects in Nonlinear Models
This paper surveys recently developed approaches to analyzing panel data with nonlinear models. We summarize a number of results on estimation of fixed and random effects models in nonlinear modeling frameworks such as discrete choice, count data, duration, censored data, sample selection, stochastic frontier and, generally, models that are nonlinear both in parameters and variables. We show th...
متن کاملFixed and Random Effects in Nonlinear Models
This paper surveys recently developed approaches to analyzing panel data with nonlinear models. We summarize a number of results on estimation of fixed and random effects models in nonlinear modeling frameworks such as discrete choice, count data, duration, censored data, sample selection, stochastic frontier and, generally, models that are nonlinear both in parameters and variables. We show th...
متن کامل