Fasting and postprandial glycoxidative and lipoxidative stress are increased in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective We studied acute changes in markers of glycoxidative and lipoxidative stress, including oxidized low-density-lipoprotein, N-(carboxyethyl)-lysine (CEL), N(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG), following two consecutive meals. Research Design and Methods Post-menopausal women (27 with normal glucose metabolism [NGM]; 26 with type 2 diabetes [DM2]), received two consecutive fat-rich meals and two consecutive carbohydrate-rich meals on two occasions. Glucose and triglyceride concentrations were measured at baseline and 1,2,4,6 and 8h following breakfast; lunch was given at 4h. Oxidized-LDL-to-LDL-cholesterol ratio (oxLDL/LDL-C), CEL, CML and 3DG were measured at baseline and at 8h. Results Fasting oxLDL/LDL-C, 3DG and CML were higher in women with DM2 compared to women with NGM and were comparable to the postprandial values at 8 hours in NGM. Postprandial rises in oxLDL/LDL-C and 3DG were similar in both groups. However, oxLDL/LDL-C increased more after the fat-rich meals, whereas CML and 3DG increased more after the carbohydrate-rich meals. After the fat-rich meals, the increase in oxLDL/LDLC was correlated with postprandial triglycerides, whereas the increase in 3DG was correlated with postprandial glucose. Conclusions The acute changes in markers of glycoxidative and lipoxidative stress in both DM2 and NGM suggest that post-absorptive oxidative stress may partly underlie the association of postprandial derangements and cardiovascular risk.