Hydrodynamic surrogate models for bio-inspired micro-swimming robots

Research on untethered micro-swimming robots is growing fast owing to their potential impact on minimally invasive medical procedures. Candidate propulsion mechanisms of robots are based on flagellar mechanisms of micro organisms such as rotating rigid helices and trav-eling plane-waves on flexible rods and parameterized by wavelength, amplitude and frequency. For design and control of swimming robots, accurate real-time models are necessary to compute trajectories, velocities and hydrodynamic forces acting on robots. Resistive force theory (RFT) provides an excellent framework for the development of real-time six degrees of freedom surrogate models for design optimization and control. However the accuracy of RFT-based models depends strongly on hydrodynamic interactions. Here, we introduce interaction coefficients that only multiply body resistance coefficients with no modification to local resistance coefficients on the tail. Interaction coefficients are obtained for a single specimen of Vibrio Algino reported in literature, and used in the RFT model for comparisons of forward velocities and body rotation rates against other specimens. Furthermore, CFD simulations are used to obtain forward and lateral velocities and body rotation rates of bio-inspired swimmers with helical tails and traveling-plane waves for a range of amplitudes and wavelengths. Interaction coefficients are obtained from the CFD simulation for the helical tail with the specified amplitude and wavelength, and used in the RFT model for comparisons of velocities and body rotation rates for other designs. Comparisons indicate that hydrodynamic models that employ interaction coefficients prove to be viable surrogates for computationally intensive three-dimensional time-dependent CFD models. Lastly, hydrodynamic models of 2 bio-inspired swimmers are used to obtain optimal amplitudes and wavelengths of flagellar mechanisms, as a demonstration of the approach.